Recognizing Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichiosis is transmitted primarily by the lone star tick, found in the southeastern and southcentral U.S.
Ehrlichiosis Mimics Other Illnesses
Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne infection caused by bacteria called Ehrlichia (including E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, or E. muris eauclairensis), which infect white blood cells. Ehrlichia is spread primarily by the lone star tick, found in the southeastern and south-central U.S. Ehrlichiosis symptoms usually begin within one to two weeks after a tick bite and can range from mild to severe, if not treated promptly. Because ehrlichiosis symptoms often overlap with other common illnesses, it can be easily overlooked.
The most common ehrlichiosis symptoms include fever, headache, and malaise.
The most common ehrlichiosis symptoms include fever, headache, and malaise.
Early Symptoms (Days 1–5):
The rash is more common in children (up to 60%) compared to adults (<30%). It usually appears about 5 days after symptom onset and may be present on the palms and soles of feet. The rash can be splotchy red patches or pinpoint dots.
Later or Severe Symptoms (if treatment is delayed):
Ehrlichiosis is on the rise in the US
Ehrlichiosis: Diagnosis and Treatment
Ehrlichia, the bacterium that causes ehrlichiosis, is transmitted through tick bites and infects white blood cells. While most cases can be treated successfully, diagnosing early is imperative, since the infection can progress rapidly and cause serious complications. In fact, nearly 60% of people with ehrlichiosis are hospitalized. And, it’s estimated that 1% of cases are fatal.
Because ehrlichiosis symptoms often mimic other illnesses, diagnosis can sometimes be challenging. Therefore, healthcare providers rely on a combination of medical history, recent tick exposure, and laboratory testing to diagnose the infection.
Ehrlichiosis is treated with antibiotics. Since the illness can become serious if left untreated, doctors usually begin treatment as soon as ehrlichiosis is suspected, without waiting for test results.
Ehrlichiosis vs. Anaplasmosis: Understanding the Differences
Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are both infections transmitted by tick bites that can cause similar symptoms, such as fever, headache, and fatigue. However, they are caused by different bacteria, transmitted by different types of ticks, and can affect the body in distinct ways.
Understanding the similarities and differences between these infections can help you recognize symptoms early and seek prompt treatment.
Anaplasmosis symptoms typically appear 1 – 2 weeks after a tick bite and include:
Fever
Chills
Severe Headache
Muscle aches
Joint pain
Fatigue
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Neurologic problems
Rash (Uncommon)
Note: The information presented on this page has been reviewed and approved by a member of our Medical Leadership Board.
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